Bipolar Disorder Essay -- Health, Diseases

Psychological instability comes in numerous structures one of the most common structures confronting individuals today is melancholy. The domain of discouragement envelops various sorts and structures, a portion of these are, Seasonal Affect Disorder ordinarily called SAD, Bipolar Disorder, Postpartum, Chronic Depression, and situational sorrow to give some examples. At the point when numerous individuals consider despondency they consider an individual who is characteristically down on life. Anyway they don’t see the individuals who experience the ill effects of outrageous highs, just as extraordinary lows. They don’t see the individuals who at one point in time can feel extremely hopeful, and have graduate plans. They might be hasty and settle on dangerous decisions without considering their results. The following day they could have issues resting, contemplations of self destruction, and be truly peevish in nature (Segal, 2). These various indications are potential i ndications of bipolar issue. This papers objective is to investigate these highs and lows, the sorts of bipolar, just as sorts of individuals who are inclined to this malady, the sorts of basic practices found in individuals with bipolar, and the sorts of treatment that can be taken. A great many people are in there late pre-adult to early grown-up years when they have their first experience with a bipolar issue scene. Another predominant trademark for the individuals who are determined to have bipolar confusion is a hereditary connection; numerous individuals who create bipolar turmoil have a close relative with the ailment. Numerous individuals who create manifestations of bipolar are misdiagnosed at first because of the confounding beginning of side effects (Segal, 2). Another gathering of individuals who for some odd reason have an inclination to bipolar confusion are Americans; Americans bipolar turmoil rate is at 4.4%.; while, the overall rate is at 2.4%... ...nding their lives. I accept that they thought by then they were just harming their families by their burdensome activities, they presumably thought by taking their lives they were improving it for their families. I earnestly trust that one day we will figure out how to end the pattern of sorrow with the goal that nobody needs to experience the torment that numerous individuals everywhere throughout the world have needed to experience when somebody chooses to take their life. Once in my family was sufficient multiple times was multiple times too much. The best thing you can do as a relative of somebody of bipolar is be natural about the turmoil the more you realize the more you can do to help should the need emerge. One ought to likewise acclimate themselves with the notice indications of a potential self destruction. I have given a short prologue to bipolar as an ailment however there is quite a lot more to know and learn.

Truth And Nonviolence Will Never Be Destroyed Those Words Spoken By Ma

Truth and peacefulness will never be devastated those words expressed by Mahatma Gandhi depict the genuine pith of his character. He was a man who not at all like others chose to utilize peacefulness as a methods for getting what he needed. His distinctive methodology is the thing that at last prompted his rising prominence and solid achievement. Not exclusively did Gandhi practically without any assistance free India and its 500,000,000 individuals from their long coercion to the British Empire, yet he did as such without raising a military, without discharging a weapon or abducting an, and while never holding a political office. Mohandas Karamch and Gandhi was conceived on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, close to Bombay. Gandhi's family had a place with the dealer class called Vaisya. His dad had been the Prime Minister of a few little local states. At the youthful age of 13 Gandhi was hitched. The marriage was organized with Kasturbai Makanji. At age 19 Gandhi set out to concentrate abroad. He contemplated law at the University College in London. He found that there he was regularly looked downward on for being Indian. In 1981 Gandhi came back to India. At Natal he was the first purported shaded legal advisor admitted to the Supreme Court. He at that point assembled an enormous practice. Gandhi before long got inspired by the issues looked by individual Indians who came to South Africa as workers. He saw how they were treated as inferiors. In 1894 he established the Natal Indian Congress to foment for Indian rights. In 1899, during the Boer War, he raised an emergency vehicle corps and served the South Afric an government. In 1906 Gandhi started his tranquil unrest. He declared that he would go to prison or even face demise before he would comply with an enemy of Asian law. He never faltered in his unwavering faith in peaceful dissent and strict resilience. A great many Indians went along with him in the common noncompliance crusade. Twice Gandhi was detained. He attempted to accommodate all classes and strict factions, particularly Hindus and Muslims. Gandhi turned into the universal image of a free India. He carried on with a profound and parsimonious existence of petition, fasting, and contemplation. His association with his better half became, as he himself expressed, that of sibling and sister. Rejecting natural belongings, he wore the undergarment and shawl of the lowliest Indian and stayed alive on vegetables, organic product juices, and goat's milk. Indians loved him as a holy person and started tocall him Mahatma (extraordinary souled), a title saved for the best sages. Gandhi' s support of peacefulness, known as ahimsa (peacefulness), was the statement of a lifestyle verifiable in the Hindu religion. By the Indian act of peacefulness, Gandhi held,Great Britain also would in the long run consider brutality pointless and would leave India. At the point when Muslim and Hindu comrades submitted demonstrations of viciousness, regardless of whether against the British who controlled India, or against one another, he fasted until the battling stopped. In 1919 he turned into an innovator in the recently shaped Indian National Congress ideological group. In 1920 he propelled a noncooperation crusade against Britain, encouraging Indians to turn their own cotton and to blacklist British products, courts, and government. This prompted his detainment from 1922 to 1924. In 1930, in dissent of a salt duty Gandhi drove a huge number of Indians on a 200-mile walk to the ocean to make their own salt. he was then imprisoned again . This was known as the Salt March. In 1934 he resigned as leader of the gathering however remained its genuine pioneer. Gradually Gandhi became to understand that that India would get no genuine opportunity as long as it stayed in the British Empire. Gandhi's triumph came in 1947 when India won freedom. The t riumph was not a military triumph, yet a triumph of human will. The subcontinent split into two nations Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan. The most recent two months of his life were spent attempting to end the horrifying savagery which resulted, driving him to quick to the verge of death, a demonstration which at last calmed the uproars. On Jan. 30, 1948, while on his approach to petition in Delhi, a Hindu, Nathuram Godse murdered Gandhi. He had been chafed by Gandhi's endeavors to accommodate Hindus and Muslims. Three shots from a little programmed gun were which prompted his last

A Tribute to Tony Buzan, the Inventor of Mind Maps - Focus

A Tribute to Tony Buzan, the Inventor of Mind Maps - Focus Tony Buzan, the inventor of mind maps, has died. With his boundless energy and enthusiasm, he helped millions of people around the world to structure their thoughts, reach their learning goals, and unleash their creativity. Visual thinking, graphical representations and the process of creating diagrams can be traced as far back as the 3rd century BC. But it wasnt until the British researcher Tony Buzan came along that it really took off. Buzan single-handedly popularized the concept of mind mapping that so many rely on today. He dedicated his life to traveling the world and educating people on the value of the visual thinking technique that he had developed during his time at university in the 1960s. He hosted a television show and authored more than 80 books. He was even nominated for two Nobel prizes. With his lifes work he shaped the way millions of people around the globe process, analyze and structure information. His contribution to the world of visual thinking is immeasurable and we are forever grateful. Without him, we wouldn’t be where we are today. We can truly say that he is gone but will never be forgotten. His memory will continue to live on through his work. And on that note, wed like to say: Thank you for the mind maps, Tony. Learning how to learn is lifes most important skill.Tony Buzan © iMindMap To learn more about Tony Buzan and his work, please visit www.tonybuzan.com. A Tribute to Tony Buzan, the Inventor of Mind Maps - Focus Tony Buzan, the inventor of mind maps, has died. With his boundless energy and enthusiasm, he helped millions of people around the world to structure their thoughts, reach their learning goals, and unleash their creativity. Visual thinking, graphical representations and the process of creating diagrams can be traced as far back as the 3rd century BC. But it wasnt until the British researcher Tony Buzan came along that it really took off. Buzan single-handedly popularized the concept of mind mapping that so many rely on today. He dedicated his life to traveling the world and educating people on the value of the visual thinking technique that he had developed during his time at university in the 1960s. He hosted a television show and authored more than 80 books. He was even nominated for two Nobel prizes. With his lifes work he shaped the way millions of people around the globe process, analyze and structure information. His contribution to the world of visual thinking is immeasurable and we are forever grateful. Without him, we wouldn’t be where we are today. We can truly say that he is gone but will never be forgotten. His memory will continue to live on through his work. And on that note, wed like to say: Thank you for the mind maps, Tony. Learning how to learn is lifes most important skill.Tony Buzan © iMindMap To learn more about Tony Buzan and his work, please visit www.tonybuzan.com.

BP Amoco Case Group 1 AM Edits - 2250 Words

BP/Amoco Merger Case Group 1 Keshavaraja Alive Stephen Felkins Therese Jackson Andrea Marrical Eric Weiss Executive Summary Prior to the merger between BP and Amoco in 1998, both companies had very similar operating characteristics and performance. Both companies engaged primarily in the same three businesses and experienced close to the same percentages of revenue and percentages of operating income for each of those businesses. A key difference however waswere that BP concentrated their operations predominantly in the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe whereas Amoco concentrated their operations heavily in the United States. Furthermore, before 1992, BP experienced drastically declining†¦show more content†¦Again similar to exploration and production, Amoco operated solely in the United States. Both BP and Amoco had a very large number of retail outlets in which the companies sold petroleum products to, 8,200 and 9,300 outlets respectively. However, uUnlike exploration and production activities however, refining and marketing activities accounted for a large percentage of revenues, 81 and 63 percent respectively, but only a small percentage of company operating income, 21 and 19 percent respectively. Realizing that this segment was not very profitable in comparison to exploration and production, BP made the decision to reduce its interests in refining and marketing. The third business that both BP and Amoco separately engaged in prior to the merger was the production of petrochemicals. BP had operations for this segment more widespread than the others and distributed to over 60 countries. Amoco, on the other hand, concentrated heavily in the United States staying consistent with the other two businesses. Revenue percentages for petrochemicals were very low for both companies, but operating income percentages were as well; 7 and 11 percent respectively for BP and 16 and 16 percent respectively for Amoco. There are a few differences in the pre-merger incentive programs for executives at BP and Amoco. Prior to the merger, the compensation of Amoco executives was much

American Education Vs. Chinese Education Essay - 1426 Words

American Education vs. Chinese Education Each country has its own kind of education, and education always plays an important role in affecting students’ life and study on many aspects. Having received ten years of education in China and two years of education in the U.S. I would like to compare and contrast a few significant aspects of these two different kinds of educations. Knowing that no two education systems are the same, the differences between American education and Chinese education allow countries to take the essence and discard the dross through learning from each other so as to improve their own current education systems. â€Å"Positive† encouragement vs. â€Å"Negative† encouragement American teachers and parents hold different points of view in terms of the way of encouragement from Chinese teachers and parents. In the U.S. teachers and parents are very kind that they often encourage students in a positive way. That is, if I do poorly in a test, they would say, â€Å"Hey, don’t be frustrated. You will do well in the next test!† If it is in China, the scenario would be: â€Å"Don’t dream to hang out with your friends during weekend until you do well in the next test! This kind of scenario is quite familiar to me. The last time that this situation occurred to me was just less than three years ago when I was a high school freshman in China. Here’s the thing: I got 95 out of 100 in a history exam and was so prepared to be praised and even awarded by my parents as soon as I gotShow MoreRelatedThe Himalayas As A Barrier For The World898 Words   |  4 Pagesthousand years, separating civilized development in China from the rest of the wor ld. (China kept much to herself until about two hundred years ago. Then the British, using gunpowder invented by the Chinese, forced the door to China wide open to the West, starting the most humiliating chapter in Chinese history). 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Ethics Notes Chapters Free Essays

Ethics, and Human Behavior Ethical issues exist in all areas of criminal Justice system (from passage of laws to punishment) Criminal Justice professionals have discretion Legislators: In making laws Police: In enforcing laws Attorneys and Judges: affecting Justice process Correctional Professionals: affecting offenders lives What do criminal Justice professionals have in common? Power to make decisions duty to enforce the law obligation to provide â€Å"due process† and â€Å"equal protection† for all commitment to â€Å"public service† Goals of the study of ethics -Brawled Become aware of and open to ethical issues Begin developing critical thinking skills Become more personally responsible Understand coercive element of the Justice system Develop wholesales (the ability to explore with ones heart as well as ones mind) Defining Terms morals The judgment of behavior as right or wrong. Ethics The study and analysis tot what constitutes g * The two words are often used interchangeably. Or bad conduct. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics Notes Chapters or any similar topic only for you Order Now Meta-ethics Technical investigation of the meaning of ethical terms, as well as how ethical statements can be verified. Normative ethics Definition of right conduct and moral duties. Plied ethics Application of ethical principles to specific issues or fields. Professional ethics Examination of the behavior of certain professional groups. Duties Moral obligations that one must carry out to be considered ethical. Supererogatory An act that goes beyond duty and is not required to be considered DOD or moral. Imperfect duties General obligation with no specific acts. Honesty Health Family Financial success Beauty What else are values? Are some more important than others? To be Ouagadougou or immoral,behavior must involve: human acts of free will detecting others Inventory of Ethical Issues Individual or Other Employees backstabbing and lack of support gossip sexual or racial harassment lying to cover up blame taking credit for others’ work Organization and Employees sexual or racial harassment by supervisors discouraging honest criticism or feedback arbitrary or unfair decisions inadequate compensation inadequate training unrealistic or inappropriate demands putting employees in unnecessary danger By the Individual and Organization work ethic (days work for a days pay) petty theft of supplies or cash overtime abuse gifts and gratuities falsifying reports misuse of sick days arsenal use of supplies or equipment Morality and Behavior Even when people know what is right, sometimes they choose to do wrong?why? Criminology Psychology Other fields seek to answer this question Are people fundamentally good or fundamentally bad? Thinking Point Omar Thornton of Connecticut walked into his employer, Hartford Distributors, for a hearing concerning his possible termination. During the meeting, Thornton pulled out a pistol and shot ten of his coworkers, killing eight, before turning the gun on himself. What caused Thornton to carry oh t this minority act? Was he born intrinsically bad? Was he a good person that had a tragic turn of circumstances that forced him into a criminal act? Morality = Law ? Ethical Issues and Dilemmas Decentralization of soft drugs? Sex-offender registries? Death penalty? Mandatory DNA testing? Three-strikes legislation? Racial profiling? Steps for Clarifications Dilemmas Review all the facts. Identify relevant values of all parties. Identify all moral issues. Identify most immediate moral issue. Resolve the dilemma. CHAPTER 2: Determining Moral Behavior Ethical Systems Deontological Ethical Systems Teleological Ethical Systems Ethical Formalism According to German philosopher Emmanuel Kant: ill (motivation) is the only thing that is intrinsically good. Duty is required behavior. It is self-imposed and necessary to morality. The Categorical Imperative Ethical Formalism: Imperatives Categorical imperatives Are absolute. Are based on good will. Determine morality. You must not lie. Criticisms of Ethical Formalism Utilitarianism leered Beneath An action’s morality depends on how much it contributes to the overall good of society. Humans are hedonistic. They seek to maximize pleasure and avoid pain. DOD for the greatest number On April 20th, 2010 a British Petroleum offshore rig exploded killing 11 employees ND causing one of the largest oil spills in modern history. Investigators soon located the faulty alarm systems. The alarms did not alert because they had been intentionally disconnected close to a year ago. BP had the alarms turned off in order to allow employees to sleep without being interrupted by false alarms thus creating a better functioning workforce. If the alarms were enabled, the rig would have automatically entered shut down mode, virtually eliminating the oil spill. Was Up’s original â€Å"act† inherently good? Bad? Did they have a duty to act one way or the other? Criticisms of Utilitarianism Religion People hold different opinions about which religion is the â€Å"true† religion. People within a religion often disagree on how to interpret its principles. Religious controversies are often difficult to resolve. Natural Law Criticisms of Natural Law How can we determine what is natural law versus man-made law? What are the â€Å"natural† laws of morality? The Ethics of Virtue Aristotle True virtue is the median between extremes of character: the golden mean. People develop moral virtues through practice, Just like any other strength. Daemonic: living the â€Å"good life† Six Pillars Josephs Institute) Trustworthiness : Honesty, sincerity, loyalty Respect : Golden Rule Responsibility : Being accountable Fairness : Equality, impartiality, and due process Caring : Altruism and benevolence Citizenship : Duties of citizenship Criticisms of Ethics of Virtue Basically assumes a good person will make a good decision. Little help for people facing dilemmas. The Ethics of Care Western ethical systems focus on issues like rights, laws, and universalism. Ethics of care?nurture, meeting needs Criticisms of Ethics of Care Criticisms of Egoism Violates universalism. Logically inconsistent (for everyone to try and maximize self interest). Enlightened egoism is not too different from categorical imperative or golden rule. Other Methods epithetical Decision Making The imperative principle directs a decision maker to act according to a specific, unbending rule. The utilitarian principle determines the ethics of conduct by the DOD or bad consequences of the action. The generalization principle is based on this question: â€Å"What would happen if all similar persons acted this way under similar circumstances? General Principles federation Making Obtain all facts (including the effects of prospective decisions). Evaluate whether odd be comfortable with your decision appearing on the front page (in public view). Consider one’s principles to be like a formula – applicable in all situations. Relativism Ethical Relativism Moral sys tems are products of an individual or group. If people believe different things are good and bad, how can you define what is good? Situational Ethics: A compromise between relativism and absolutism There are basic principles of right and wrong. They can be applied to ethical dilemmas and moral issues. They may call for different results in different situations. 1. Treat each person with the utmost respect and care. . Do one’s duty or duties in such a way that one does not violate the first principle. Summary of Ethical Systems Ethical formalism: What is good is that which conforms to the categorical imperative. Utilitarianism: What is good is that which results in the greatest utility for the greatest number. Religion: What is good is that which contorts to God’s will. Natural law: What is good is that which is natural. Ethics of virtue: What is good is that which conforms to the Golden Mean. Ethics of care: What is good is that which meets the needs of those concerned. Egoism: What is good is that which benefits me. How to cite Ethics Notes Chapters, Papers

Symbolism in English Literature Essays - 19th-century Theatre

Symbolism in English Literature Symbolism is an artful use of symbols, action, or characters meant to be taken both literally and as representative of some higher, more complex and abstract significance that lies in between ordinary meaning. Generally a symbol is the use of a concrete object to represent an abstract idea. The word ?Symbol? is derived from the Greek verb ?Symballein? which means ?put together? and the related noun ?Symbalon? means ?mark?, ?token? or ?sign?. The term symbol when used in literature is often a figure of speech in which a person, object, or situation represents something in addition to its literal meaning. Conventional or traditional literary symbols work in much the same way, and because they have a previously agreed upon meaning, they can be used to suggest ideas more universal than the physical aspect itself. Writers insert symbols into their writing to allude to a feeling, mood or attitude without directly stating the perspective or mood intended. Symbolism is supplemental to the story. In Joseph Conrad?s story The Lagoon, darkness is a symbol of evil and light a symbol of good. A symbol may be universal or private. Darkness and light are universal symbol of evil and good. Climbing is a universal symbol of progress; descending of failure. The Dove is a universal symbol of peace. In contrast, the great white whale in Herman Melville?s Novel Moby- Dick is a private symbol and a complex one. Many books and articles have been written in an effort to explain it, but like many great private symbols in literature and art, its significance is complex and elusive. Symbolist movement first started in French poetry and art in the late nineteenth century rebelling against realism , especially against literally descriptive poetry , and influenced by the poetic theory of Edgar Allan Poe and the ancient doctrine of correspondences between the physical and the spiritual worlds , the symbolists poets ?Charles Baudelaire ,Stephen Mallarme , Arthur Rimbaud , Paul Verlaine and others wrote richly suggestive and musical free verse that exploited the evocative power of private symbols . William Butler Yeats , T.S Eliot , Dylan Thomas , and James Joyce are among the British and American writers who have been profoundly influenced by the symbolists . Symbolists believed that art should represent absolute truths that could only be described indirectly. Thus, they wrote in a very metaphorical and suggestive manner, endowing particular images or objects with symbolic meaning. Symbols can take meaning to its higher definition that has more clarity and proper to the understanding. Symbols that can add mystery and joy can draw their power from success well beyond the power of direct conscious inspection .That power of revealing mysteries and meanings can make literary works easy and great in quality.

Essay about Killing of Bien lanen

Essay about Killing of Bien lanen Essay about Killing of Bien lanen Life Reflection "Bartleby" by Herman Melville is one of the most complex stories ever written, and perhaps by any American writer of the period. There is little agreement among critics as to how it should be interpreted. It was extraordinarily ahead of its time, dealing with issues such as the rise of middle-class job’s depression, as well as realizing the future significance of Wall Street to American life. Yet it is also a deeply symbolic work; there are few, real-life Bartleby’s, telling their employers they would "prefer not" to do something, yet remaining at that place of business. When he published "Bartleby" in 1853, Melville had just come off the dismal failure of Moby Dick in the marketplace (According to Bio True Story the book wouldn't become a "classic" until it was rediscovered by critics nearly half a century after its publication, and years after Melville's death). Melville had enormous success with his earliest books, such as Typee and Omoo; books that dealt with his experiences on the high seas and on various islands. These books were not nearly as thoughtful as Moby Dick. Melville knew such stories would sell, but he preferred to write stories more similar to Moby Dick. Under this interpretation, the Lawyer represents the ordinary reader, who desires that Melville continue "copying" his earlier works, while Melville, pained by the failure of Moby Dick, replies that he would "prefer not to," and finally stops writing entirely. The "dead letters," therefore, are Melville's shunned novels. The narrator in Melville's story is a highly respected and successful Wall Street lawyer. The lawyer can be portrayed as Melville’s fans. In the beginning of the story the narrator employs two 1scriveners, each of whom has certain individuality, the two scriveners being different writers of the time. Turkey, the oldest scrivener, is calm and thorough before noon, but after 'twelve o'clock, he becomes increasingly inconstant, clumsy, and impulsive. Nippers, the other scrivener, is the opposite; he comes in to work surly and nervous, but becomes increasingly pleasant and efficient as the day wears on. Because during their good periods both Turkey and Nippers are good scriveners, the narrator is willing to work around their imperfections in the name of office harmony. This unfortunately may set an example for his lack of ability to handle Bartleby; meaning that the readers of Melville’s stories are losing their power over his writing. Of course, Bartleby at first seems like he should need very little handling. He is an excellent scrivener; â€Å"pallidly neat, pitiably respectable, [and] incurably forlorn,† (411). Soon, however, he begins to exhibit flaws that are even more disturbing than those of Turkey and Nipper. When asked to compare his copy with the original, he replies that he would â€Å"prefer not to† (412). After a while he would â€Å"prefer not to† copy, either, and he eventually would

4 Interview Tips for Recent Grads

4 Interview Tips for Recent Grads You’ve spent countless hours updating and refining your resume. You’ve written the perfect, keyword-optimized cover letter. Now you sit back and wait for the calls to start coming in, right? Not so fast. One more thing stands in the way of you and the perfect job? The interview. But do you even know where to begin when it comes to preparing for an interview? Let’s break down a few four tips designed to help recent grads gain an inside edge. 1. Practice Makes PerfectGoing into an interview â€Å"blind† is a recipe for disaster. Even if you skate through without any major catastrophes, it’s still a missed opportunity. Rather than winging it, take time in advance to research frequently asked questions in your area, and to prepare a rough outline of your response.Avoid writing down answers word for word - this can result in a â€Å"canned† delivery. Instead, jot down key ideas and concepts. Then, enlist a family member or friend to practice with you.If possible, record your practice sessions. Understanding how you look and sound during the interview can help you take corrective action, if necessary.2. Do Your ResearchIn an era in which data is literally at your fingertips, the rules have changed when it comes to understanding an organization. It’s no longer considered merely advantageous to demonstrate knowledge of a company and its mission, products and services. It’s a necessity. In short, there’s no quicker way to tell employers that you simply don’t care than by walking into an interview without this easily obtainable information.Working this knowledge into the conversation can take some skill - after all, the goal is not the simple regurgitation of facts - but the results can have significant payoffs in demonstrating your capacity to make a contribution.3. Be Prepared to Be SpecificCompetency-based questions are increasingly popular with hiring managers. Why? Because any candidate can lay claim to desirable skills, talent and experience on a resume. Of more importance to today’s employers? The demonstrated ability to use these attributes in meaningful ways.Expect to be asked to share examples of times when you’ve exemplified time management, problem solving, and other sought-after â€Å"soft† skills. Be prepared to respond with detailed examples which serve as concrete evidence of these competencies.4. Have Questions of Your OwnToo many interviewees respond to the interviewer’s question of, â€Å"Do you have any questions for me?† with the unsatisfying response of, â€Å"No, I think I’m good.†Interviews work both ways: not only is the interview an opportunity for the employer to get a better sense of a potential candidate, but it’s also an opportunity for you to get a better sense of potential employers. Don’t waste it. Instead, go into the interview with a list of questions which can help you further un derstand what it’s like to work for the company and/or if the job is a good fit. Asking smart, tailored questions also helps you stand out to hiring managers.With countless candidates looking to land the best jobs, it’s essential for new grads to position themselves for success. Rather than thinking of the interview process as an afterthought, leverage it into an opportunity to show employers why you’re the right one for the position.

Argument for God using the Design argument Essay

Argument for God using the Design argument - Essay Example The world was created in a way that human beings have no control or clue of the occurrence or existence of different phenomena. This essay is going to explore and affirm that God exists through the argument for design. Thesis Statement: The coordination and the intricate way in which human beings live by purpose suggest the existence of an intelligent designer. Overview Our lives in the world are inspired by the events and activities that we, human beings, undertake. However, in the process we have questions on our existence and, most importantly, on whether God exists. An argument by design explains the existence of God through the use of facts, theories and examples of how God created life. The world is meant for human inhabitation because there is a pattern in which life occurs and exists. It is true to argue that the world and life were designed by someone or a spirit that is unexplainable due to the following facts: Teleological orders: This is used to explain how order in the w orld occurs since everything in the world seems to follow a certain pattern. Teleological order can exist as spatial and temporal order whereby spatial order explains the co-presence while the latter explains succession. It is easy to look at the world and wonder at the facts of co-presence and succession. For instance, the human body is made up of millions of parts which interact with one another to come up with a complex living creature. William Paley who was an advocate of natural teleology argued that as a watch is a timepiece that is made up of millions of parts, then also the world and human life is designed that way. Another advocate of the teleological argument was Thomas Aquinas who argued that we see the world as being made up of many things some of which lack knowledge. He elucidates that these beings act for an end and this is evident by the small animals of living things (Sweet 95). As a result, a thing that does not have knowledge cannot move towards and end but only i f it is directed by an intelligent being. Apart from humans who possess knowledge, natural things cannot move towards an end and therefore, what drives their move towards end is an intelligent being who in this sense is God. Paley’s argument is that the world is created in a perfect manner different from a watch due to several reasons. For instance, in his natural teleological argument he says that â€Å"as a watch is perfectly crafted and a well oiled machine,† then the world is also perfect. For instance, in the world there is enough oxygen for everybody. It is not less because it would not support life and again, it is not a lot because it could lead to easy combustion. Apart from William Paley’s theory, other scientists have supported the analogy of design through the positioning of the earth. For instance, if we look at the way earth is positioned, it not so close to the sun because it would cause problems to people and life would not be supported. Furtherm ore, if the sun was in a far position from the earth, then life would not be supported in the world (Sweet 102). The look of the universe from this view presents us with conclusion that God was involved in the creation of the world. This is summed by Isaac Newton who said that the most beautiful system of the sun, planets and comets can only proceed through the counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful Being. Criticisms: The William Paley analogy created a lot of criticism from a lot of quarters, especially from David Hume. The first

Developing ethnicity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Developing ethnicity - Assignment Example Ethnicity is an important mean through which people can identify themselves. For example, it is easy for a Chinese citizen to identify another one even in countries other than China. The appearance, language, behavior, culture etc can help a person in identifying another one. â€Å"No two individuals are alike†. Same way no two ethnic groups are alike. All the ethnic groups have their own peculiarities and characteristics which segregate them from other ethnic communities. Ethnic identity can be changed even from the early childhood. Changes in ethnic identity can take place through life experiences and social interactions. Knowledge of other cultures and traits can influence a person a lot. The attitude towards other cultures is important in shaping the personality of a person. Adamant in attitudes and beliefs, would never a help a person to accept the goods from other ethnic communities. Autocratic attitudes or dictatorship is not a good character for shaping one’s personality. We must seek lessons from every experience we face in our life During my early childhood, I lived in China and was in constant touch with the Chinese community. As everybody knows, China is a country which is ruled by a socialist regime which allows only restricted freedom for religious activities. I belong to the Buddhist community and my parents were keen in brought me up by teaching me the lessons of Buddhist’s doctrines. Our religion says that â€Å"Desire is the cause of mystery† and my parents were keen in teaching this great principle to us. My father was a liberal person and he kept an open mind towards all the goods from other ethnic groups. He has kept a positive attitude towards other languages and often used some words from English language at my home. Thus I have developed a strong curiosity even from my early childhood to learn English. During my childhood I got the opportunity to play with an American boy who was staying near to my home

The Impact on America of Turkish, Greek and Italian Immigrants and Thei

The Impact on America of Turkish, Greek and Italian Immigrants and Their Respective Cultures My Big Fat Greek Wedding, The Godfather, The Italian Job, Roberto Benigni, Mario Andretti, Frank Capra, spaghetti, gelato, Turkish baths.? What do all of these have in common All of them are well known parts of American culture, yet they have all been influenced and inspired by Italian, Greek, and Turkish immigrants and their respective cultures.? Because America is a melting pot of cultures, it is understandable that each participating culture brings its own unique flavor to the mix.? Three of the most evident portions of American society, entertainment, food, and religion are also probably the three portions most affected by the infusion of new immigrants and culture.? This influence is especially evident when the immigrants concerned hail from the countries of Turkey, Italy, and Greece.? Their impact is wide reaching and long-lasting. My Big Fat Greek Wedding was the fifth highest grossing movie in the US in 2002, and is the highest grossing independent movie ever.? The only movies that brought in more money were all special effects intensive such as Spider-Man, The Lord of The Rings:? The Two Towers, and Star Wars:? Episode Two.? My Big Fat Greek Wedding instead focused on the simple story of a Greek woman falling in love with a non-Greek man and the way in which they attempt to blend their very different backgrounds.? Nia Vardalos, the writer and star of the movie, is the descendent of Greek immigrants and clearly applied her own cultural background and experience to the movie. Audiences learned how most Greek children in America attend Greek school, Greek families are very close, and that there is an expectation f... ... immigrants as well as subsequent generations.? The traditions of various cultures, especially Italian, Greek, and Turkish cultures are evident in the history of the American movie.? Our diet is also largely comprised of ethnic foods, particularly Italian.? The various places of worship available to parishioners also exemplify the impact of immigrants.? Without the countless interactions between varying cultures, America would not be the multi-faceted country that it is.? America truly is a melting pot of countries, and as each of these countries continue to contribute aspects of their culture, the diversity and uniqueness of America will continue to increase. Works Cited: http://www.immigrationforum.org/pubs/articles/immigrantsinnews2001.htm http://www.imdb.com http://www.turkish-delight.com/ Buscaglia, Leo. Papa, My Father. New Jersey: SLACK, 1989.

Globalization and Sustainability: The Importance of Government

The world was once vast and unknown. Communication was once dreaded as messages would take exceeded amounts of time from one point of destination to the next. Countries would not know of each other†s affairs for months because the world was large beyond anyone†s imagination. But as soon as technology reared its head the world rapidly became smaller. It modified everything within its grasp. Communication that once took months could now take seconds. Travelling abroad that would have taken years now took hours. Every institution that fell into this form of globalisation changed. It is obvious to see that governments have also been effected by globalisation in such ways that they can either imitate or contrast with each other. Yet a controversy exists about the issue on the effect of globalisation on governmental power. On one side of the argument globalisation is considered as a force that weakens the power of government whereas others debate the contrary, claiming that there is no effect and power remains constant. Still both arguments fail because of the extremity that they impose. A better argument would be that globalisation does effect government power, not to the point of weakening, but ensuring that no abuse of power occurs unknowingly. Globalisation is simply a tool that enables the actions of governments to be monitored by other countries and world organisations. With comparison of Australian and Canadian environmental policy, it will be clear that actions taken by the government have been influenced (not controlled) by globalisation. The idea of the world becoming a small interactive village is what many would consider the effect of globalisation. Boundaries are no longer an issue and can be crossed with an easy click of the mouse. But globalisation is far from being a new concept that came along with technology. It has existed since humans have had curiosity. The exploring of new lands, the discovery of new peoples and nations, to the fascination of nature†s physical features, people have been in the process of globalisation for centuries. Technology had simply allowed globalisation to progress a little more rapidly than what it had accomplished in the past. Although it seems that globalisation brings promise of a unified Utopian society this is far from becoming the truth. Today†s world is based on the market. The selling of goods and services to the consumer to gain profit. Therefore globalisation has become the expansion of the market place with greater opportunities for production and trade in new locations. 1 Relations are established between nations, not for the mere satisfaction of peace, but for the insurance that a trading partner exists where profit can be gained. This motivation from profit leads to the element of the manufacturing process. In order to achieve maximum profit corporations need to spend less in producing a product. They go about this through means of cheap energy fuel (usually fossil fuels like coal), low labour wages, and cutting costs in waste disposal. For an exceeded amount of time corporations have been able to escape the clutches of the law because it was seen that damage to the environment was a small price to pay in exchange for high profits. For instance abuse to the Canadian forests in the past two centuries has led to a large proportion of it being cut, 8 000 kilometres long and hundreds of kilometres wide. When large damage has been inflicted only then will people†s concerns be aroused. Governments then needed to intervene, to steer corporations from inflicting anymore damage to resources and environment. Canadian government had only made environmental policy a main concern since 1985. It was in the Ontario provincial election where pollution was made a significant issue. This was the first time ever that the issue of pollution was made a priority. Ever since the topic of concern for pollution has been maintained by both provincial and federal institutions. Australia on the other hand began its involvement on the issue in 1980. It was in this year that the World Conservation Strategy was published and the country took it upon itself to formulate a similar document that would help enforce the idea of sustainable environment throughout the nation. 4 Although government intervention seems to guarantee some progress towards sustainability the idea of globalisation alters the desired effects. World trade allows the cheapest producer to gain maximum profits. Competition for profits is then always present. In order for competition to exist all producers must somehow keep product costs low while maintaining or increasing product output. If legislation is passed within a country that holds a corporation responsible for destruction to the environment by means of their waste, corporations can still outrun any consequences from their actions. It is difficult to prosecute institutions because they are essential. 5 They provide jobs, goods and services, and distribute money towards many organisations. The industry allows economy to prosper as well as many citizens that partake in the production and consumption of the goods. The destruction of the environment is seen as irrelevant to the benefits of cash profit that the industry brings. What corporations fail to observe is the future outlook. The concern is only on maximum exploitation for maximum gain. No corporation has interest in conservation because of the mentality of whatever is left by a corporation will simply be used by a competitor. 6 Yet the immediate gains will not always be present because sooner or later resources will be exhausted and there will then be a failure to produce, soon followed by a collapse within the industry production and profit. Sustainability will ensure that resources can be reserved as well as allowing time for some replenishment. It is for this reason that governments have decided to be involved, for a fall in industry would lead to a fall in the economy and the welfare of the state. Canada and Australia share the same vision when it comes to sustainability. Both understand that environmental policy is essential to maintain a prosperous nation. There has been a similar vision on the purpose of developing environmental policy. The development is to allow (i) multiple times scales in which the present is considered as well as the near and farther future; (ii) effect on various dimensions of social life where economy, environment, and social equity are viewed as equal; and (iii) diverse social and ecological scales where region and locality are a concern as well as the global nation. 7 All three aspects are to produce an ecologically balanced society, with stable institutions designed to assure equilibrium within tolerances that the natural environment can support. This is much easier said than done. The event of there being total agreement is never achieved and compromising always leads to one or all parties involved to be unsatisfied. In order to satisfy government policy, as well as avoid negative outbreaks by environmental conscience citizens, corporations need to follow the specified guidelines of environmental sustainability. Institutions then need to pay much more attention and effort towards waste elimination and treatment. This costs a substantial amount of money. Two options are to either increase product prices or cut spending on other operations within the process. Increasing prices would allow costs to be covered and avoid in any profit loss experienced by the corporation but high prices could cause for decrease in profit for it causes a decrease in profits by the lower prices This again is a of current competitors. This is the reason why the second option is more favourable. Cutting costs in the operation allows for the same amount to be spent on production and in some instances even less. Most popular method of cutting is within the removal of management layers. By eliminating certain amounts of staff and replacing them with computers and automation manufacturing processes companies can then compete in the world market. 9 This occurs mostly in wealthy nations such as Canada, Australia, England, and the United States. Since poor nations have no strict policies on labour leading to low wage structures, production by corporations within these nations can produce product cheaply and sell at an admirably low price. Since wealthy nations have high labour costs, expensive social programs, and a high degree of foreign investment, in order to compete in the world market they choose to employ less. 11 It seems to be a simple enough tactic but other corporations have been so used to a certain process of production that instead of changing their methods they would rather relocate to poorer nations in which they could keep profits or exceed them tenfold. Globalisation leads to the reallocation of corporations. In less hostile environments, these corporate conglomerates can destroy and manipulate the environment to their pleasing and will not be accused for they supply many jobs in a poor nation that needs income to fuel its economy. This global mobility allows corporations to escape environmental policy. The acceleration of jobless growth in poor nations leads to unemployment, creating pressures that allow economic activity that is destructive as well as it undermines efforts of mitigation, planning, and regulatory enforcement. 2 Environmental policy with absence of enforcement leads to the lack of interest in enforcement. The NAFTA agreement, the elimination of tariffs among trading countries, between the United States, Canada, and the developing Mexico is a good example of how businesses escape strict policy. Because of Mexico†s low wage enforcement and anti-union government, environmental policy falls prey to lower standards and enforcement. 13 The nation really does feel opposed to the destruction but if they fail to allow industries to do so they will lose business to global mobility. The problem is does not lie on government passing legislation for policies have been made. The problem lies within the amount of enforcement that is dedicated on ensuring that the policies are practised to the full extent. Not every country has the same view when enforcement of policy is the issue. Some nations are better off than others so it is easier for them to proceed with strict enforcement but Third World countries, in order to compete in the world market, are more lenient because of the need to better establish a prosperous economy. This is a main concern among many because the problem is never fully solved but simply reallocated. This is when international policy becomes a suggested solution. Governments need to strike a common chord with each other when it comes to environmental sustainability. It needs to be seen that if restrictions are present and enforced equally throughout all nations then the concept of conservation will be spread throughout globally. In order for this to succeed a new flow of financing and technology for environmental conservation needs to be achieved. Third World nations would also not feel the pressure to exploit for maximum profit if debts were alleviated and industrial countries initiated programs to provide access to technical assistance, training technology transfer, and planning grants to increase their capacity to manage environmental and energy challenges. 15 Through this method it would allow nations to stand on equal ground and be able to maintain a harmony between nature and industry. This is a fantasy to be achieved for the motive of wealth is always the motivation that leads to the neglecting of policies. The proposal of a world government is an idea that could ensure that a universal policy be followed by all countries and ensure that enforcement be weighted equally among all nations. A world government generates both relief and fear when it boils down to policy making. The relief comes that all nations are treated equally and must follow all laws that have been passed by this supreme institution. Yet, not all nations are equal even though the idea of it sounds appealing. Some nations are better off than others are so it is difficult for everyone to participate fully when some nations can achieve goals easier than others can. The main fear springs from the idea of losing identity and power. A single government representing the world of many different cultures and beliefs is very hard to imagine. Minorities might feel threatened in that they have no legitimate say in the outcomes of producing legislation. This in turn leads to the representation of governments in countries. They would feel threatened in the sense that they truly have no power since the world government would be the one in control of matters of all countries globally. So, what needs to be done is not the production of a world government but an alliance between world organisations and existing governments. Globalisation through this method does not infringe on the power of government but allows for compromise to occur and for then to understand the need for a unified co-operation to maintain the environment and resources for future enjoyment and use. In Australia for instance, the Confederation of Australian Industry and the Australian Conservation Foundation, along side with a number of state governments, agreed to endorse the National Conservation Strategy for Australia in 1986. This promoted the need to save the environment and ecological beauty of Australia for there was a realisation that damage to the environment would lead to damage to the economy. The concern was in tourism. The natural environment is a critically important part of tourism and is increasingly being recognised as such through the term â€Å"Ecotourism†. 17 Through globalisation and government assistance it is possible to see the importance of conservation which in turn would set precedence for other countries to follow. This was the main intention by the Australian Tourism Industry Association who argued that tourism can and does (i) enhance environmental appreciation by changing people†s attitudes; (ii) act as a justification for environmental conservation; (iii) enhance environmental management for conservation; and (iv) enrich the social and cultural environment of the Australian community. 18 A global government may have a unilateral authority and may think broadly but it can not possibly reach out to everyone†s interests in the decision making. Mutual adjustment is the best method to solving the environmental problem by the use of global co-ordination. When this occurs it produces policies and plans that take account many positions that exist. A country†s own government needs to be aware of the essential needs of its people and must respond to the concerns of various authorities of energy, roads and highways, land use, city planning, air and rail transport, and industrial policy. 20 These needs then need to co-relate with those needs presented by organisations that stand for the protection of the planets resources and environment. Governments have not lost power but need to re-learn how to distribute their influence. Both the federal and provincial governments, at least in Canada, hold the distribution of authority over environmental policy. The municipal governments still participate even though they have been given no authority over the matter. 21 But the majority of the work is achieved by organisations that press governments for swifter actions towards policy making. In Canada, the Greenpeace group, located in Vancouver and Toronto, had a revenue of 7. 4 million dollars without government or corporal aid from 1987 to 1990. The source of revenue came from concerned individuals within the country who see the needed value of conserving the planet. In response, political parties must address these issues to ensure that the public receives the results that they desire. When the creation of the National Conservation Strategy in Australia took place both the Fraser Liberal government and the Hawke Labour government played an important role in the structure that the policy was comprised of. 23 Through globalisation the world can look upon itself and see that there are better methods of approaching problems. Profit can not constantly exist if there is no planet to work from. The governments see this and pressure each other to abide by a universal understanding that there is a great need for sustainability. Powers are not decreased or removed but simply placed into a different context where instead of the individual gain the overall gain should have more precedence. Both Canada and Australia have set example that industry and environment can exist together and it is the governments duty to ensure that guidelines are set to allow enforcement take place. Globalisation can help environmental policy only if other countries have full understanding of the benefits and participate with means of improvement. The poorer nations need to be guided by the wealthy to prevent any further destruction on the remaining resources that the planet contains. Global understanding and consensus will allow for countries to maintain their distinctiveness but allow for one common trait to exist, a total appreciation of the shared home we call earth.

Professional Practice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2358 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Tort Essay Did you like this example? Professional Practice Case Law Report Table of Contents Case description 3 Images related to the case Material facts of the case 4 Explanation of the legal areas outlined in the judgment 5 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Professional Practice" essay for you Create order Tort Law Overview Negligence Nuisance (Private and Public) Duty of Care Analysis of the decision 7 In the case of Negligence In the case of Duty of Care In the case of Nuisance Reflective learning 8 Bibliography 9 Case Description THE HIGH COURT ON CIRCUIT Record Number: 998/03 SOUTH EASTERN CIRCUIT COUNTY OF WATERFORD Plaintiffs : Oliver Dempsey and Elizabeth Dempsey Defendant : Waterford Corporation Judgement Title : Dempsey Anor à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"v- Waterford Corporation Neutral Citation : [2008] IEHC 55 High Court Record Number: Circuit Court 998/03 Judgment by: Peart J. Composition of Court: Peart J. Images related to the case (www.google.ie/maps) (www.google.ie/maps) Grattan Quay street view Dyehouse lane street view (www.osi.ie) (www.osi.ie) Grattan Quay OSI map Dyehouse lane OSI map Material Facts of the Case In the case of Dempsey Anor- v- Waterford Corporation [2008] IEHC 55 (29 February 2008) the first material fact presented is that the plaintiffs purchased the house in 1984which they then restored and renovated. On the 3rd of March 2000, the plaintiffs discovered that the floor which was laid in the plaintiffsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ living room had buckled without any warning and noxious smell had developed in the room. Following this discovery by the plaintiffs a dye test inspection was carried out by Mr Chris O Sullivan which involved running a dye through the pipes in the street to see if any dye entered the living room of the plaintiff. Thereafter the plaintiffs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"excavated their floor which revealed old 17th century drains. A fter further investigation it was revealed that the pipes went out of the house and also that the pipe was badly blocked A fact of central importance was noted that the defendant carried out major sewer renewal works on the main sewer and branch pipes on Grattan Quay. One of these branch pipes was located on Dyehouse Street and this pipe was previously inspected using the dye test as mentioned earlier. Mr O Sullivan stated that the defendant was unaware of these drains as they did not appear on maps or records leading to the defendant denying any negligence or fault in his case. Furthermore the defendant claims that the plaintiff should have complied with building regulations and should have applied vertical damp proof course which would have joined the vertical damp proof course thus preventing any moisture or dampness. The plaintiffs in turn argued that the building regulations only applied to new houses and also that since there were no previous issues since 1984 there was no need.[1] Tort Law Overview With there being such vast amounts of information from various sources regarding Tort Law it is difficult to produce a description of what Tort Law actually is. Tort Law generally covers a broad variety of most civil lawsuits apart from contractual disputes. It is used mostly to redress an issue where a person has been wrong done. Torts can be broken down into three general Torts Negligent torts Intentional torts Strict liability Although Tort can be broken into the three categories listed above there are other areas which fall under Tort Law including Nuisance, defamation and invasion of privacy.[2] Negligence Tort of Negligence falls under three main factors to do with careless infliction of damage or harm which are (a) the existence of legal duty of care (b) a breach of that duty of and (c) consequential damage[3]. Negligence in simpler terms is a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s failure to behave with the same level of cautiousness shown under the same circumstances or in the same situation. This behaviour can be classed as personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions or equally there inactions. To further help in explaining Negligent Torts or a case of negligence where duty of care comes into play referring to the case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562, Lord Atkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s description of the general concept of the duty of care breaks it down further[4] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The rule that you are to love your neighbour becomes in law, you must not injure your neighbour: and the lawyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s question who is my neighbour? receives a restricted reply. You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour? The answer seems to be persons who are closely affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called into questionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[5] Although Lord Atkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"neighbour principleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ received criticism for being too broad it was eventually accepted and to this day it is generally used in understanding the tort of negligence. It has been emphasised on a number of occasions that negligence comes down to a fault based liability and in turn there must be some degree of fault on the part of the defendant. The existence of legal duty of care ca n also be defined as a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s failure to ensure adequate level of care in a situation that could potentially be harmful to another person as for a breach of that duty. Donoghue v Stevenson is a good example as it was the manufacturers duty of care to ensure the product was fit for human consumption and when it was proven to not be fit this was a breach of that duty of care. Consequential damage is then defined by an injury or harm which may not have been sustained directly from such an act but rather in consequence of the act in question[6] Nuisance (Private and Public) Where Nuisance is concerned in the area of tort law is ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s widely divided into two torts the first being private nuisance and the second being public nuisance. In other words private nuisance is solely concerned with the individual whereas public nuisance concerns issues regarding the general public or a group. Private Nuisance When considering private nuisance there a re certain actions which are categorised as a private nuisance such as interfering with a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s land or even with the general enjoyment of the land in question. Basically a private nuisance is comprised of a person committing an act which is not contained within his/her own land and which is directly interfering or affecting another personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s land. For a case to be private nuisance it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t just fall under interference or encroachment there are also cases where if such an interference caused damage to a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s employment of his property this would also be considered private nuisance. In order to the accountability for a case of private nuisance there are three main factors which will be taken into account a) the defendants fault b) whether there has been substantial interference with the plaintiffs interest and c) the reasonableness of the defendants conduct. Public Nuisance In regards to public nuisance it is best defined as the protection of the public unlike private which is individual. Public nuisance which also falls under tort law is in certain cases classed as a crime it is any omission or act which in turn affects the comfort, convince, health or safety of a group people or the general public. It only becomes an offense and can be actionable if a single person is foreseeably more affected than anyone other person within the group or if such person feels as though a private right has been interfered with through this act/omission. A simple example of a public nuisance would be the sale of food/beverages that are not fit for human consumption or causing a hazardous obstruction on a main road which could potentially cause harm to the public.[7] Duty of Care Duty of care is defined as an obligation that a person or persons in a position of care act and behave with an adequate degree of cautiousness, watchfulness and attention in the same scenario as would a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å "reasonable personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. For example if a designer carried out works which were to an adequate standard which reached the same standard as a reasonably competent designer within his discipline then he would not be considered negligent and would have maintained his duty of care. On the other hand this failure to comply with regulations may lead to potential damage to property.[8] Analysis of the Decision In the Case of Negligence In analysing the decision of the case Dempsey Anor-v- Waterford Corporation [2008] IEHC 55 It is important to understand that negligence focuses on careless of the defendant and asks the question of asks the question whether or not the defendant should have foreseen that his/her negligence would directly relate to any damages/injury to the plaintiffs. [9] In this case the fact that the drains where not documented on any maps or other sources it would have been foolish to say that the defendant could have foreseen that the pipes coul d have led to the cause of the damage sustained in the plaintiffs living room given that there is to this day no evidence/records documenting these pipes nor their exact location. To establish liability/negligence it is required to find a legal responsibility on the defendant in terms of an obligation of duty. The fact that the pipes where never previously identified it is difficult to decide whether or not the defendant failed to take reasonable care in ensuring not to damage the plaintiffs property given there was no prior knowledge of such pipes. On the other hand thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s no question that the defendant had a duty of care not to damage the plaintiffs property but the fact the pipes where non-existent realistically the defendants did not break their duty of care and cannot be considered negligent. In the case of Duty of Care In terms of duty of care there is no doubt that the defendants had a duty of care to uphold but it is difficult to establish whether or not there duty of care extended as far as having knowledge of such pipes and if these pipes could have potentially caused damage to the plaintiffs property. The fact that the only way these pipes could have been discovered before the damage occurred in the plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s property would have been to excavate the majority of Grattan Quay and given there was no prior knowledge of the pipes there wouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have been any justified cause which would have enticed the defendant to carry out such exploratory work in search of something which in their minds never existed. Therefore again it comes to down to the fact that the defendants had no prior knowledge of such pipes and therefore the evidence suggests that the defendants did not breach their duty of care and therefore can again not be considered negligent. In the case of Nuisance Finally the claim that the defendant committed a nuisance which lead to the damage sustained within the plaintiffs livin g room comes down to that the defendants where carrying out a statutory function regarding the works on Grattan Quay and therefore should held accountable in the case of committing a nuisance. With the issue of foreseeability arising again with there being no previous knowledge of the pipes by the council and no realistic reasons why the defendants would consider digging up Grattan Quay based of a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Sure youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢d never knowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ basis and in light of this un-foreseeability on the councils part and the fact that thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s no substantial evidence to support the claim that the council where to blame for the ingress of water in the plaintiffs living room they are therefore not considered to negligent and in turn have not committed an act of nuisance. Reflective learning Throughout this assignment I have learned various skills which will be of benefit in many situations in the future. I feel as though I have established the abi lity to look back over an experience and highlight significant aspects which in this case, affected the decision and outcome. I feel as though my general understanding on how to correctly reference a case, use footnotes as a reference tool and how to properly construct a bibliography. Lastly as a whole my general grammar in my opinion has improved due to the cautiousness of how I structured my essay. Overall I felt this assignment benefited me in many areas and hopefully this experience will stand to me in the future. Bibliography Textbooks Connolly, U and Quinlivan, S. (2006). Negligence. In: Connolly, U and Quinlivan, S Tort Cases and Materials. 4th ed. Dublin: Thomson Round Hall. p29, p41. Speaight, A Stone, G. (1996). The English Law of Tort. In: Speaight, A Stone, G Architects Legal Handbook. 6th ed. Great Britain: Reed Educational Professional Publishing Ltd 1996. p17-23. Websites Bailii.org. (2008). Dempsey Anor -v- Waterford Corporation [2008] IEHC 55 (29 February 2008). Available: https://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/markup.cgi?doc=/ie/cases/IEHC/2008/H55.htmlquery=Dempseymethod=boolean. Last accessed 5th March 2014. Cornell University Law School. (N/A). Negligence. Available: https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/negligence. Last accessed 5th March 2014. Farlex. (2008). Nuisance. Available: https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nuisance. Last accessed 5th March 2014. Griffith College Dublin. (2009/2010). Negligence General principles (1). Available: https://www.gcd.ie/assets/Uploads/images/Law/fe1manuals/20090519051807Chapter02Tort.pdf. Last accessed 5th March2014. Report/Journal Smith, H. (2011). Construction dispute avoidance newsletter. Available: https://www.herbertsmithfreehills.com/-/media/HS/T21121146.pdf. Last accessed 5th March 2014 Table of Cases à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Dempsey Anor -v- Waterford Corporation [2008] IEHC 55 (29 February 2008) Cite as: [2008] IEHC 55 Donoghue v Stevenson [1932]AC 562 Rylands v Fletcher [1866] LR 1 Ex 265 at 279 [1] Dempsey Anor- v- Waterford Corporation [2008] IEHC 55 [2] Three general torts, https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/tort, Legal Information Institute [3] Architects Legal Handbook, Chapter 3, The English Law of Tort, Negligence [4] Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 [5] Architects Legal Handbook, Chapter 3, The English Law of Tort, The Legal Duty of Care, Lord Atkins à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Neighbour principle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 [6] Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 [7] Public nuisance, https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/482431/public-nuisance [8] Construction dispute avoidance newsletter https://www.herbertsmithfreehills.com/-/media/HS/T21121146.pdf [9] Dempsey Anor- v- Waterford Corporation [2008] IEHC 55